SAG mills, flotation cells and thickeners against a first-concentrate date

    Commissioning software for concentrators where the grinding circuit, flotation bank and thickener train all have to run together before the first tonne of concentrate ships.

    A concentrator is a chain of circuits — crushing, SAG and ball milling, flotation, thickening and filtration — where a fault in one stage stalls every stage downstream of it. Commissioning has to prove each circuit individually and then prove the whole plant runs as a system under real ore, with metallurgical performance tracked against the process design criteria. Deskely holds every mill, cell and thickener in one register with the ramp-up curve and first-concentrate gate built in.

    Circuits
    Grinding, flotation, thickening, filtration
    Process
    Dry run, wet commissioning, ramp-up
    Gate
    First concentrate
    Metric
    Recovery and grade against design
    CONCENTRATOR — FLOTATION CIRCUIT 3PROCESS RECORD SET · REV CPRIMARY CRUSHERBALL MILL 01FLOTATION BANK — ROUGHERSCONCENTRATE THICKENERFLT-RC-02Reagent dosing offlineTAG REGISTERSAG-01Semi-autogenous grinding …Records signedFLOT-3Rougher flotation bank 3In testTH-01Concentrate thickenerPreservationREAG-08Xanthate dosing stationPunch open312 assetsunder one system hierarchy

    The problem

    The mill package, the flotation package and the thickener package are each commissioned in isolation, then bolted together and hoped for.

    A SAG mill supplier commissions the mill and its lube system. A flotation equipment vendor commissions the cell banks and air supply. A thickener OEM proves rake torque and underflow density. Each vendor signs off its own scope and leaves, often before the circuits have ever run together on real ore.

    When metallurgical performance data lives in separate lab sheets and separate vendor punch lists, the process engineer cannot answer the question that actually matters at the ramp-up review: is recovery tracking toward design, and if not, which circuit is the constraint.

    Deskely puts every mill, cell, thickener and filter in one register with one status model, so plant readiness and metallurgical ramp-up are read from the same source instead of reconciled from five different spreadsheets.

    METALLURGICAL BALANCE DOESN'T CLOSEConcentrator circuitRecovery figures depend on every upstream stage being proven, not just runningCrushing100%Grinding — first mill turn100%Flotation circuit62%Thickening30%Concentrate handling0%NO SAMPLING POINT ON THE THICKENER YET0%mass balance closure without concentrate assayEvery sample point tagged as an assetDeskely ties ramp-up throughput and recovery evidence to the stage that produced it.

    Setting up the register

    SAG mills, flotation cells, thickeners and filters are tagged assets with their own commissioning path.

    Process flow diagrams, mechanical equipment lists and P&IDs are parsed into a reviewed register, so every mill, pump, flotation cell, thickener and filter press carries its design duty and its commissioning sequence from day one.

    Pre-commissioning checklists, no-load runs, water commissioning and ore commissioning are templated once per equipment type and instantiated across the grinding circuit, the flotation bank and the thickener train.

    Reagent dosing systems, air supply for flotation cells, and mill lube and cooling systems are commissioned as their own subsystems, because a fault in any one of them stalls the circuit it feeds regardless of how well the mechanical equipment itself was installed.

    1 · SOURCE DOCUMENTSProcess flow diagrams re…56 sheetsEquipment list312 assetsInstrument loop schedule1,840 loopsReagent dosing schedule18 stationsPARSE + MATCHtag · description · drawing ref2 · ONE TAG REGISTERSAG-01Semi-autogenous grinding …GRINDINGFLOT-3Rougher flotation bank 3FLOTATIONTH-01Concentrate thickenerTHICKENINGREAG-08Xanthate dosing stationREAGENTSTWO DOCUMENTS DISAGREEProcess flow diag…Concentrate thickenerEquipment listAbbreviated descriptionEngineer picks the sourcedecision loggedWeeks of transcription become a draft an engineer reviews.

    Wet commissioning and metallurgical ramp-up

    First ore into the SAG mill starts a ramp-up curve that the whole plant is measured against for months.

    Water commissioning proves pumps, pipework and instrumentation hold pressure and flow before a tonne of ore is fed; ore commissioning then proves throughput, power draw, grind size and cell froth stability against the process design criteria as feed rate climbs toward nameplate.

    Flotation cell functional testing — froth depth control, air rate, reagent addition rate — is recorded per cell and per bank, with recovery and grade sampled and logged against the same commissioning window so a metallurgical shortfall can be traced back to a specific cell rather than blamed on the ore body.

    Open findings from wet commissioning stay attached to the asset with an owner, so a thickener with erratic underflow density is not carried as closed simply because it ran for one shift without alarming.

    Flotation bank 3 — ramp-up ladderFeed authorisation issues only from signed wet-comm evidenceMCMechanical completionRecords signed 12 AprEquipment installation records312 / 312 signedLoop checks closedcompleteWCWet commissioningIn test — process teamWater run completeconfirmedCell aeration verifiedconfirmedRURamp-up to feedPunch open — 5 itemsBlocking punch5 openPlant manager sign-offnot witnessed

    Handover to operations

    Operations inherits a metallurgical plant that has to hold design recovery through every ore blend it will ever see.

    OEM manuals, wear part schedules, reagent safety data and as-built P&IDs sit against the same asset the metallurgist and maintenance planner will search for once the plant is running continuously.

    Because the ramp-up record builds continuously against the register, a first-concentrate readiness pack is an export rather than a rebuild assembled the night before the operations review.

    Every signature keeps a name, role and timestamp, which is what the process guarantee reconciliation with the EPC contractor and the plant's own metallurgical accounting will rely on once commissioning is formally closed out.

    AUDIT QUERYSAG-01Concentrator · grinding circuit · SAG millFull history retrieved in one queryINSTMill mechanical installationMechanical contractor04 FebLINELiner installation recordMill fitter16 FebLOOPInstrument loop checkoutInstrumentation team28 FebWETWet commissioning runProcess engineer12 MarCERTIFICATERURamp-up to feedpendingPlant managerPrerequisites demonstratedThe ramp-up dossier exports per circuit on the day it is signed for ore feed.

    Process control system and interlock proving

    A DCS that has been configured correctly still has to prove every interlock trips the right equipment before ore is fed at full rate.

    A concentrator's distributed control system carries thousands of control loops and cause-and-effect interlocks linking mill feed, cyclone overflow, flotation air supply and thickener rake torque, and a single mis-mapped interlock — a mill overload that fails to trip the correct feed conveyor rather than an unrelated one — is invisible until the exact upset condition occurs on real ore.

    Loop tuning against process design criteria is usually done by the DCS vendor's commissioning engineer working from a cause-and-effect matrix that the plant's own process team rarely sees in full, so when a trip behaves unexpectedly during ramp-up, nobody can quickly confirm whether the logic was ever actually tested against that matrix line.

    Deskely tracks every interlock and control loop against its cause-and-effect matrix reference as a signed functional test, so a mill trip or an unplanned circuit shutdown during ramp-up can be checked against a proven test record in minutes instead of triggering a re-verification of the whole control philosophy.

    RAMP-UP IS A CURVE, NOT A SWITCHFlotation bank 3 — feed authorisationRecovery climbs shift by shift once wet commissioning proves the circuit under load100%0%nameplatewet comm runpunch open, recovery stallsFlotation bank 3: 5 blocking punch items before feed authorisationRecovery is logged per shift against the circuit that produced it, not a plant-wide averageDeskely traces every point on the ramp-up curve back to the signed record behind it.

    What the first-concentrate review reads

    The records that prove recovery and grade before the plant is judged against design.

    A concentrator's acceptance case is metallurgical, not just mechanical: throughput on air means little if recovery is off design. The dossier ties mill run records, reagent commissioning and metallurgical sampling to the same tag so the ramp-up curve can be explained rather than just observed.

    RECORDS PRODUCED6 typesMill no-load and loaded run recordDry run, then wet commissioning under…Flotation reagent dosing…During wet commissioning, before…Thickener and filtration circuit…Wet commissioning, tracked through…Metallurgical sampling and assay…Continuously from first concentrate…Instrumentation loop check and…Pre-commissioning, before wet…Tailings pumping and pipeline…Before tailings are deposited from the…DOSSIERIndexed persubsystem and tagExport readyEach record lands in the same structure, so the dossier assembles itself.

    Mill no-load and loaded run record

    Grinding circuit motors, gearboxes and liners perform within design power draw

    Dry run, then wet commissioning under ore

    Flotation reagent dosing commissioning record

    Reagent addition rates and cell air flow match the metallurgical design basis

    During wet commissioning, before recovery trials begin

    Thickener and filtration circuit performance test

    Underflow density and cake moisture meet the process design for downstream handling

    Wet commissioning, tracked through ramp-up

    Metallurgical sampling and assay reconciliation

    Recovery and concentrate grade against feed grade match the design metallurgical balance

    Continuously from first concentrate through ramp-up

    Instrumentation loop check and interlock test

    Level, density and flow control loops hold the process within its operating envelope

    Pre-commissioning, before wet commissioning starts

    Tailings pumping and pipeline pressure test

    Slurry transport to the storage facility runs within its design pressure envelope

    Before tailings are deposited from the new circuit

    How it runs

    From dry commissioning to first concentrate.

    Concentrator programmes reward structure set up before ore is fed to the mill, because the ramp-up review is where every unresolved circuit interaction turns into a metallurgical shortfall nobody can explain.

    1. 01

      Model the circuits

      Crushing, grinding, flotation, thickening and filtration modelled as subsystems, each with its own completion path.

    2. 02

      Parse the equipment set

      PFDs, P&IDs and mechanical equipment lists drafted into a reviewed asset register with design duty attached.

    3. 03

      Template the test set

      No-load run, water commissioning and ore commissioning defined once per equipment type, instantiated across every mill, cell and thickener.

    4. 04

      Gate first concentrate on signed evidence

      Ramp-up readiness reported from signed records, with recovery and grade tracked against design criteria to close-out.

    FAQ

    Questions about Ore processing and concentrators scopes.

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